PRE2018 3 Group12

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Group Members

Name Study Student ID
Harm van den Dungen Electrical Engineering 1018118
Nol Moonen Software Science 1003159
Johan van Poppel Software Science 0997566
Maarten Flippo Software Science 1006482

Problem Statement

People with a visual impairment will never be able to sense the world as people without visual impairment. Thanks to guide dogs and white canes, however, these people are able to enjoy independence when it comes to navigating outside areas. Yet, these measures cannot give a representation of the world around them beyond the range of the cane or the movement of the dog. With the use of technology that might change. Using sensors these people could be given the ability to sense more than their immediate surroundings, sense objects which their white cane didn't contact or the dog ignored because it was not in the way. Also, using physical phenomena such as the Doppler effect one can also detect motion relative to you, further enhancing the image a visually impaired person can obtain of the world.

Users

The users we are designing the technology for, are the visually impaired. People with a visual disability often need aids to get through their daily life. For a blind or partially blind person, the simplest tasks can be hard to complete. While there are existing tools, such as guiding dogs and white canes, these are not always sufficient.

The most important requirement of the technology is that it offers a valid alternative to existing aids. This does not necessarily mean that the technology better support the users disability than alternatives, it could also mean that it is simply cheaper. If the product is cheaper it can still be an option for people not able to afford more costly alternatives. There are many factors classifying the value of a product. Two important factors are the production and selling costs, and the support given and the usability of the technology.

State of the Art

The problem can be subdivided into two sub problems: how the environment can be perceived to create data, and how this data can be communicated back to the user. Now follows a short summary of existing technologies:

Mapping the environment

There are many different technologies to observe and environment and map this to electrical signals. The most notable technologies include:

Communicating to the user

Given we are dealing with the visually impaired, we cannot convey the gathered information through a display. The most common alternatives are using haptic feedback or audio cues, either spoken or generic tones.

Cassinelli et al. have shown that haptic feedback is an intuitive means to convey spatial information to the visually impaired [15]. Their experiments detail how untrained individuals were able to dodge oncoming objects from behind reliably. This is of great use as it shows haptic feedback is a very good option of encoding spatial information.

Another way to encode spatial information is through audio transmissions, most commonly through an earbud for the wearer. An example of such a system was created by Farcy et al. [16]. By having different notes corresponding to distance ranges this information can be clearly relayed. Farcy et al. make use of a handheld device, which caused a problem for them. It required a lot of cognitive work to merge the audio cues with where the user pointed the device. This made the sonorous interface difficult to use so-long as the information processing is not intuitive. In this project the aim is to have a wearable system, which could mean this problem is not of significance.

Finally, regardless of how distance is encoded for the user to interpret, it is vital the user does not experience information overload. According to Van Erp et al. [17] users are easily overwhelmed with information.

Requirements

Approach

To build this prototype designed for the users, in this case, the visually impaired, first there has to be known what the actual problem is. To acquire this knowledge, information about problem is gathered. Afterwards, using this problem, information about the state-of-the-art of most notably technologies for visually impaired, radar-sensors and radar-Doppler-sensors could be gathered. Combining all the information will be used to make preliminary design that fills the needs of the users. After the preliminary design is finished, building the prototype can be started. During the making of the design and building the prototype, it is probable that some things might not go as planned and it will be necessary to go back steps, to make an improvement on the design in the end. When the prototype is finished, it is tweaked to perform as optimal as possible using several tests. Finally, everything will be documented in the wiki.

Deliverables and Milestones

A prototype that aids blind people roaming around areas, that are unknown to them. This prototype is based on the design of last year[18]. From this design, a new design was made that tries to improve on the issues the previous design faced. Additionally, a wiki will be made that helps with giving additional information about the protoype, such as costs, components and it provides some backstory of the subject. Finally, a presentation is made regarding the final design and prototype.

  • Presentation
  • Design
    • Preliminary design
    • Completing the design
  • Prototype
    • Finish building the prototype
    • Prototype is fully debugged and all components work as intended
    • Prototype follows requirements
      • 50%
      • 75%
      • 100%
  • Wiki
    • Find at least 25 relative state-of-the-art papers
    • Finish wiki page

References Harm

[19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]

References Johan

[26] Bril maakt 3d-interpretatie van omgeving waar naar gekeken wordt, hiermee wordt een soundscape gegeven. Kan gecombineerd worden met riem met vibraties voor meer omgevingsgewaarwording.

[27] Research dat gebruikt wordt in vorige referentie; Probeert een zo goed mogelijke interpretatie van de wereld in de vorm van geluid te maken. Expliciet is genoemd dat deze research niet gericht is op obstacle-avoidance. Maar, kan wel interessant zijn op hoe hun stimuli gebruiken om de omgeving te omschrijven. (Hoe laten we iets vibreren om iets duidelijk te maken?)

[28] Research precies naar wat wij willen doen, object identification met geluid en vibratie. Neemt ook bewegende obstakels into account.

[29] Proposal van detectiemethode bij smart gloves. Belangrijkste conclusie: The limitation of this project was the ultrasonic sensor used can only detect the obstacles but cannot illustrate the shape of the obstacles.

[30] Eind proposal: Arduino-powered bracelet voor vibraties om hiermee bewegingen te sturen.

[31] Ook een middel om visuele dingen om te zetten naar geluid, dit keer óók voor obstacle avoidance.

[32] Onderzoeken naar 'smart' verbeteringen van de typische 'blindenstok'. Met dus ook aanbevelingen naar het design ervan. Dit gaat ook over sensoren gebruiken om obstakels verder dan 2m (lengte v.d. stok) te "zien".

References Maarten

[33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39]

References

  1. ↑ Faria, J., Lopes, S., Fernandes, H., Martins, P., & Barroso, J. (2010). Electronic white cane for blind people navigation assistance. World Automation Congress (WAC), 2010, 1–7. Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5665289/citations#citations
  2. ↑ Bohonos, S., Lee, A., Malik, A., Thai, C., & Manduchi, R. (2007). Universal real-time navigational assistance (URNA). In Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE international workshop on Systems and networking support for healthcare and assisted living environments - HealthNet '07
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Fernandes, H., Costa, P., Filipe, V., & Hadjileontiadis, L. (2010). STEREO VISION IN BLIND NAVIGATION ASSISTANCE. 2010 World Automation Congress. Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5665579
  4. ↑ Farcy, R., & Bellik, Y. (2002). Locomotion assistance for the blind. In Universal Access and Assistive Technology (pp. 277–284). London: Springer London. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-3719-1_27
  5. ↑ Dunai, L., Fajarnes, G. P., Praderas, V. S., Garcia, B. D., & Lengua, I. L. (2010). Real-time assistance prototype- A new navigation aid for blind people. In IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference) (pp. 1173–1178). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2010.5675535
  6. ↑ Truelliet, S., & Royer, E. (2010). OUTDOOR/INDOOR VISION-BASED LOCALIZATION FOR BLIND PEDESTRIAN NAVIGATION ASSISTANCE. International Journal of Image and Graphics, 10(04), 481–496. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219467810003937
  7. ↑ L. Dunai, G. P. Fajarnes, V. S. Praderas, B. D. Garcia and I. L. Lengua, "Real-time assistance prototype — A new navigation aid for blind people," IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Glendale, AZ, 2010, pp. 1173-1178. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5675535&isnumber=5674827
  8. ↑ A wearable assistive device for the visually impaired. (n.d.). Retrieved February 11, 2019, from http://www.guidesense.com/en/
  9. ↑ Pereira, A., Nunes, N., Vieira, D., Costa, N., Fernandes, H. & Barroso, J. (2015). Blind Guide: An ultrasound sensor-based body area network for guiding blind people. Procedia Computer Science, 67, 403–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.285
  10. ↑ Al-Mosawi, Ali. (2012). Using ultrasonic sensor for blind and deaf persons combines voice alert and vibration properties. Research Journal of Recent Sciences. 1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235769070_Using_ultrasonic_sensor_for_blind_and_deaf_persons_combines_voice_alert_and_vibration_properties
  11. ↑ T. Ifukube, T. Sasaki and C. Peng, "A blind mobility aid modeled after echolocation of bats," in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 461-465, May 1991. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=81565&isnumber=2674
  12. ↑ Bousbia-Salah, M., Bettayeb, M. & Larbi, A. J Intell Robot Syst (2011) 64: 387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-011-9555-7
  13. ↑ Bousbia-Salah M., Fezari M. (2007) A Navigation Tool for Blind People. In: Sobh T. (eds) Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering. Springer, Dordrecht. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6268-1_59
  14. ↑ P. Mihajlik, M. Guttermuth, K. Seres and P. Tatai, "DSP-based ultrasonic navigation aid for the blind," IMTC 2001. Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. Rediscovering Measurement in the Age of Informatics (Cat. No.01CH 37188), Budapest, 2001, pp. 1535-1540 vol.3. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=929462&isnumber=20096
  15. ↑ Cassinelli, A. Reynolds, C. Ishikawa, M. (2006). Augmenting spatial awareness with Haptic Radar. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4067727
  16. ↑ Farcy, R. Bellik, Y. (2002). Locomotion Assistance for the Blind. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-3719-1_27
  17. ↑ Van Erp, J. Kroon, L. Mioch, T. Paul, K. (2017), Obstacle Detection Display for Visually Impaired: Coding of Direction, Distance, and Height on a Vibrotactile Waist Band. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fict.2017.00023/full
  18. ↑ Boekhorst, B, te. Kruithof, E. Cloudt, Stefan. Cloudt, Eline. Kamperman, T. (2017). Robots Everywhere PRE2017 3 Groep13. http://cstwiki.wtb.tue.nl/index.php?title=PRE2017_3_Groep13
  19. ↑ Pereira, A., Nunes, N., Vieira, D., Costa, N., Fernandes, H. & Barroso, J. (2015). Blind Guide: An ultrasound sensor-based body area network for guiding blind people. Procedia Computer Science, 67, 403–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.285
  20. ↑ Al-Mosawi, Ali. (2012). Using ultrasonic sensor for blind and deaf persons combines voice alert and vibration properties. Research Journal of Recent Sciences. 1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235769070_Using_ultrasonic_sensor_for_blind_and_deaf_persons_combines_voice_alert_and_vibration_properties
  21. ↑ T. Ifukube, T. Sasaki and C. Peng, "A blind mobility aid modeled after echolocation of bats," in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 461-465, May 1991. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=81565&isnumber=2674
  22. ↑ Bousbia-Salah, M., Bettayeb, M. & Larbi, A. J Intell Robot Syst (2011) 64: 387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-011-9555-7
  23. ↑ Bousbia-Salah M., Fezari M. (2007) A Navigation Tool for Blind People. In: Sobh T. (eds) Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering. Springer, Dordrecht. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6268-1_59
  24. ↑ P. Mihajlik, M. Guttermuth, K. Seres and P. Tatai, "DSP-based ultrasonic navigation aid for the blind," IMTC 2001. Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. Rediscovering Measurement in the Age of Informatics (Cat. No.01CH 37188), Budapest, 2001, pp. 1535-1540 vol.3. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=929462&isnumber=20096
  25. ↑ L. Dunai, G. P. Fajarnes, V. S. Praderas, B. D. Garcia and I. L. Lengua, "Real-time assistance prototype — A new navigation aid for blind people," IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Glendale, AZ, 2010, pp. 1173-1178. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5675535&isnumber=5674827
  26. ↑ Merrifield, R. (2017, 18 mei). How soundscapes and vibrations are helping blind people see the world. Geraadpleegd op 11 februari 2019, van https://horizon-magazine.eu/article/how-soundscapes-and-vibrations-are-helping-blind-people-see-world.html
  27. ↑ Jóhannesson, Ó., Balan, O., Unnthorsson, R., Moldoveanu, A., & Kristjánsson, Á. (2016). The Sound of Vision Project: On the Feasibility of an Audio-Haptic Representation of the Environment, for the Visually Impaired. Brain Sciences, 6(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci6030020
  28. ↑ Cardin, S., Thalmann, D., & Vexo, F. (2005). Wearable Obstacle Detection System for visually impaired People.
  29. ↑ Ghate, A. A., & Chavan, V. G. (2017). SMART GLOVES FOR BLIND. IRJET, 12(04), 1025–1028. Retrieved from https://www.irjet.net/volume4-issue12
  30. ↑ Brock, A., Kammoun, S., Macé, M., & Jouffrais, C. (2014). Using wrist vibrations to guide hand movement and whole body navigation. I-Com, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1515/icom.2014.0026
  31. ↑ Bujacz, M., & Strumiłło, P. (2016). Sonification: Review of Auditory Display Solutions in Electronic Travel Aids for the Blind. Archives of Acoustics, 41(3), 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2016-0040
  32. ↑ Kim, S. Y., & Cho, K. (2013). Usability and Design Guidelines of Smart Canes for Users with Visual Impairments. International Journal of Design, 7(1), 99–110. Retrieved from http://www.ijdesign.org/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/1209/559
  33. ↑ Cassinelli, Alvaro. Reynolds, C. Ishikawa, M. (2006). Augmenting spatial awareness with Haptic Radar. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4067727
  34. ↑ Mehta, U. Alim, M. Kumar, S. (2017). Smart path guidance mobile aid for visually disabled persons. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050917302089
  35. ↑ Lacey, G. Dawson-Howe K. (1998). The application of robotics to a mobility aid for the elderly blind. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921889098000116
  36. ↑ Ram, S. Sharf, J. (2002). The people sensor: a mobility aid for the visually impaired. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/729548
  37. ↑ Schwarze, T. Lauer, M, Schwaab, M. Romanovas, M. Böhm, S. Jürgensohn, T. (2015). A camera-based mobility aid for visually impaired people. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13218-015-0407-7
  38. ↑ Van Erp, J. Kroon, L. Mioch, T. Paul, K. (2017), Obstacle Detection Display for Visually Impaired: Coding of Direction, Distance, and Height on a Vibrotactile Waist Band. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fict.2017.00023/full
  39. ↑ Wang, H. Katzschmann, R. Teng, S. Araki, B. Giarré, L. Rus, D. (2017). Enabling independent navigation for visually impaired people through a wearable vision-based feedback system. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7989772
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