PRE2017 3 Groep14
| Student | Student Number |
| Abby Berkers | 0951825 |
| Dennis van den Berg | 0949036 |
| Sophie van den Eerenbeemt | 0954445 |
| Christine Ingwersen | 0952530 |
| Ellen Mans |
Learning with Smart Home for Kids
Problem Statement
Intelligent Quiz Master
Idea. Use a set of arithmic questions (addition, subtraction, fractions) since then it is easy for us to check if it makes sense. Also, since most children have difficulties with arithmic this is actually useful.
Given a set of questions, the quiz master will test the knowledge of a child, and help the child improve by asking the right questions at the right time. We will build an application that selects the next question to ask the child, based on the previous answers the child gave to previous questions.
The quiz master has to:
- Find out the level of knowledge the child has, and ask questions that are on the 'edge' of a childs knowledge in order to improve their knowledge.
- Optionally invent new questions, similar to the already existing questions.
In order to do so, we must:
- Define distance (or question similarity) between questions, which questions are of similar difficulty. So cluster questions based on their difficulty. Note that this will vary per child.
- Simulate the (increasing/decreasing) knowledge of different children. (To be able to train our app.)
- Construct a (large enough) data set to use parts of it for training and validation.
- Find out what the next right question would be. Our app should do this, based on the question similarity for a certain child. Educational/psychological: what are the best questions to ask?
Users
- Children
- Parents
- Teachers
User Requirements
Approach
Milestones
Deliverables
Who does what? Planning
State of the Art Literature Study
About similar questions, though used more on Q&A sites to find similar questions. This is not based on difficulty. [1] [2]
Chapter 7 and/or 8, about knowledge and learning paths (mathematically). [3]
Shows that nowadays the educational aspects in interactive systems is often too separate ("chocolate-covered broccoli") and extrinsic. To create learning systems that work it is important to make them intrinsically motivating. You have to keep in mind that people have to actually use the system, so make it in such a way that they want to. Remember, the primary users will be children. [4]
"Based on the gathered information the next scene presented to the player should be determined in a way such that the learner is neither unchallenged nor overwhelmed by the complexity of the contained tasks. It should rather be ensured that the learner’s knowledge is steadily increased up to full knowledge mastery." [5] This line perfectly captures what we want to achieve. This paper is about how we can make systems adaptive in such a way that they can adapt to the needs and level of its user.
80Days is a game that is comparable to what we want to achieve. However this is a full on computer game while we want an interactive home system. The adaptation principle is relatable which is why it could be nice to base our system on this game. [6]
In the ELEKTRA game they use unobtrusive knowledge assessment to see the user's level of knowledge. [7] They do this by observing the user's behaviour in the game. If we can do something similar but in real life, as a smart home will be able to notice the residents behaviour, we can use this technology to assess the childs level and what he needs from the educational system such that he will get personalized assignments.
Paper about using smart homes to learn about human behaviour. [8] This could be used for multiple things in our project like the knowledge assessment mentioned above, or checking whether or not the user (child) has some free time that he can use interacting with the system and thus learning. There is a need for pattern recognition in this behaviour.
We propose some papers related to the way our smart home system should be designed and implemented. First, a paper that: "proposes a model to improve Activity Recognition in smart homes. The proposed technique is based on defining a profile ofr each activity from training datasets. The profile will be used to induce extra features and will help in distinguishing residents' activities." [9] This technique can be used in our project to develop the way our smart home recognizes activities of the users of the system.
Related to this, a paper that proposes a way to implement an "Adaptable Infant Monitoring System (...) with minimal cost, knowledge and time to set up". [10] This technique can be used in the implementation of our smart home, in order to monitor infants using the system, and so prevent accidents, and keep track of the location of the infant. This could (possibly) be combined with the proposed technique above, to also monitor whát the infant is doing.
Lastly, a paper that "focuses on feedback of interface agents on student perception. (...) This study focuses on three types of feedback from interface agents to clarify student perception of single feedback and multiple feedback types." [11] The results of this study should be taken into account when modeling the way in which our system interacts with users, in order to make it's feedback as effective as possible.
Now, we propose some papers related to the way the educational aspectof our smart home is designed and implemented. First, a paper that does not seem completely relevant to the project at first. [12] However, it discusses "the application of gamification within the environment of education, and more specifically with an emphasis on assessment." This paper "opens the way for the implementationof gamification as a transformative online assessment tool ...", which can be used in our project to determine the way in which our smart home educates and assesses children in a playful manner.
Next, a paper that analyses "the role of digital games in early childhood, especially from the perspectives of learning, literacy and play. (...) The analysis of young children's learning while they are engaged in digital games in informal contexts furthers our understanding of the potential of game-based learning in formal early childhood education settings." [13] The results presented in this chapter can be used in our project to properly design the way in which infants interact with the system, what digital games the system should present, and how.
Lastly, a book that could possibly be helpful. It proposes design principles of educational virtual worlds of preschool children. [14] Especially the principles described in chapter 4 could be applied to the designing of our smart home system.
We reference a paper that conducted a study amongst students in a "Smart Home Lab". It describes their findings and argues that, in order to successfully use a Smart Home as a Pedagogical Tool, one must shift from virtual reality simulations to the physical environment, which they call "real virtuality". [15] These results can be used to guide the development of a Smart Home as a learning (i.e. pedagogical) tool. Note that, even though the study is focussed on individuals that are outside of our research scope in terms of age, some results might still apply.
We reference a paper that "describes an exploratory investigation into the potential effects of a robot exhibiting an adaptive behaviour in reaction to a child’s interaction". [16] The conclusions in this article can be useful in describing the effects of using a Smart Home system for learning purposes.
An interesting paper described a study which "investigated teachers’ perceptions of barriers to using - integrating computers in early childhood settings." Unlike other papers, the viewpoint of this article shifts the view from the developer of the system or the child user to the teachers involved in the process. [17] The findings in this study can be used to descibe the effects on teachers when applying a smart home system to enhance child learning.
A paper released in 2010 presents a "device to systematically assess children's orienting behavior in social situations." An set of relevant tests was carried out with "12-36 months old typically developing infants [which] prove usability of the proposed technology." [18] This study can be used to aid the social learning aspect of childhood in the proposed smart home system.
The following paper describes the trend of using robotics technology to support childhood education. It goes into the ethics involved, as well as social acceptance for such technologies. [19] This chapter from the book "Cybernics" can be used to assess the social acceptance and ethics evolved in creating and deploying the proposed smart home system.
References
- ↑ A Topic Clustering Approach to Finding Similar Questions from Large Question and Answer Archives, from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071511&type=printable
- ↑ Deepa Paranjpe, Clustering Semantically Similar and Related Questions, from https://nlp.stanford.edu/courses/cs224n/2007/fp/paranjpe.pdf
- ↑ Knowledge Spaces, Chapters 7,8, from https://link-springer-com.dianus.libr.tue.nl/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-642-58625-5.pdf
- ↑ Habgood, M.P.J. and Ainsworth, S.E., Motivating children to learn effectively: exploring the value of intrinsic integration in educational games, from http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3556/1/Habgood_Ainsworth_final.pdf
- ↑ Göbel, S., Wendel, V., Ritter, C., and Steinmetz, R., Personalized, Adaptive Digital Educational Games using Narrative Game-based Learning Objects, from ftp://dmz02.kom.e-technik.tu-darmstadt.de/papers/GWRS10_507.pdf
- ↑ Kickmeier-Rust, M.D., Göbel, S., and Albert, D., 80Days: Melding Adaptive Educational Technology and Adaptive and Interactive Storytelling in Digital Educational Games, from http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-386/p02.pdf
- ↑ Kickmeier-Rust, M. D., Hockemeyer, C., Albert, D., & Augustin, T., Micro adaptive, non-invassive assessment in educational games, from http://css-kti.tugraz.at/research/cssarchive/publicdocs/publications/kickmeier-rust_adaptivity.pdf
- ↑ Brdiczka, O., Langet, M., Miasonnasse, J., and Crowley, J.L., Detecting Human Behavior Models From Multimodal Observation in a Smart Home, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1fa3/5bbda418228e59ab49bb4aff302701f21583.pdf
- ↑ Majdi Rawashdeh, Mohammed GH. Al Zamil, Samer Samarah, M. Shamim Hossain, Ghulam Muhammad, Micro adaptive, non-invassive assessment in educational games, from https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0167739X17311342/1-s2.0-S0167739X17311342-main.pdf?_tid=bef05bc4-14aa-11e8-abcb-00000aab0f01&acdnat=1518958610_409380ed13eef0bd5bb3b6332b1e9138
- ↑ Hong Zhou, Brad Goold, A Domestic Adaptable Infant Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks
- ↑ Zhi-Hong Chen, Chih-Yueh Chou , Shu-Fen Tseng, Ying-Chu Su, A Domestic Adaptable Infant Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d7d2/5d3ff5f286951486b5b11956cfc0c65619a1.pdf
- ↑ E. Oliver, Gamification as transformative assessment in higher education, from http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/hts/v73n3/55.pdf
- ↑ Marja Kankaanranta, merja Koivula, Marja-Leena Laakso, Marleena Mustola, Ditital Games in Early Childhood: Broadening Definitions of Learning, Literacy, and Play, from https://books.google.nl/books?hl=nl&lr=&id=BsVCDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA349&ots=c-UyQVsRzx&sig=RIrTs2S-MZTh5cirTbIKerQ9M10#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ Jana Pejoska, Design principles of educational virtual worlds for preschool children, from https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/bitstream/handle/123456789/26862/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-2011050210720.pdf?sequence=1
- ↑ Antonio Sanchez and Lisa Burnell, A Smart Home Lab as a Pedagogical Tool, from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-30171-1_12
- ↑ Tamie Salter, Francois Michaud, and Dominic Letourneau, An Exploratory Investigation into the Effects of Adaptation in Child-Robot Interaction, from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-03986-7_12
- ↑ Kleopatra Nikolopoulou & Vasilis Gialamas, Barriers to the integration of computers in early childhood settings: Teachers’ perceptions, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-013-9281-9
- ↑ Giuseppina Schiavone & Domenico Formica & Fabrizio Taffoni & Domenico Campolo & Eugenio Guglielmelli & Flavio Keller, Multimodal Ecological Technology: From Child’s Social Behavior Assessment to Child-Robot Interaction Improvement, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12369-010-0080-9
- ↑ Fumihide Tanaka, Robotics for Supporting Childhood Education, from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-4-431-54159-2_10