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Hardware Design
William Schattevoet
David Duwaer
Eric Backx
Arjan de Visser
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Design 0.1
On friday the 5th of november, the first attempt at a design was finished. Only geometric constraints were taken into account, meaning the size of the engines and actuators were solely adjusted to the amount of space that was available in the guitar.
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The bowing mechanism for a single string in Design 0.1. A motor at the bottom (black) drives the bowing belt (white), which is pushed against the string by an actuator at the top (black), with a spring shaft in between.
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The assembly of all six bowing mechanisms in the guitar in Design 0.1. With this spacial configuration, only little space is left for the motors that drive the belt. Also, the mechanism is very wide in the direction of the strings, and positioned unnessarily far from the neck, leaving too little space for the strings to be plucked by hand.
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Design 0.2
From reviewing design 0.1 with the group, the following points of improvement were determined:
- There is too little space for the engines, so their spacial configuration should be altered so that they can be bigger.
- There shouldn't be motors on the neck side of the construction, because that forces the construction towards the bridge, leaving less space for the player to pluck the strings.
- An estimation should be done on the size of the motors, based upon an estimation of the power that is required from them.
These improvements have been worked into design 0.2.
Picking an actuator
In the hardware design, six actuators are needed in order to push the bowing belt onto the string. These actuators have to be able to push with at least 4 Newton of force onto the belt. We also want the Viotar to be able to play 16 notes per second, so the actuator has to be fast two. After some research a hybrid linear actuator, made by Haydon, was found, a 21000 series size 8 linear actuator, to be precise. This actuator is not only very small, 21 mm square by 33 mm, but it is also powerful and fast enough to do the job. It can deliver up to 44 Newton of thrust and can travel at more than 50 mm/sec, depending on the thrust.
Estimation of the required motor power
Math test:
[math]\displaystyle{ 0 }[/math]
[math]\displaystyle{ P=M_{T} }[/math]
The needed motor power is calculated using [math]\displaystyle{ P=M_{T}*\Omega }[/math]. For this, the total load [math]\displaystyle{ M_{T} }[/math] and the angular speed [math]\displaystyle{ \Omega }[/math] should be calculated.
The total motor load consists of the load coming from the friction of the bowing belt with the string [math]\displaystyle{ M_{w} }[/math] and the friction of the bearing supporting the wheel that drives the belt, [math]\displaystyle{ M_{br} }[/math].
[math]\displaystyle{ M_{w} }[/math] is calculated by [math]\displaystyle{ M_{w}=R\cdot F_{w}=R\cdot F_{n}\cdot \mu_{w} }[/math], with [math]\displaystyle{ F_{n}=F_{b} }[/math] the normal force between the bowing belt and the string. This equivalent bow force has a maximum of [math]\displaystyle{ 4 N }[/math]. The value of [math]\displaystyle{ \mu_{w} }[/math] is estimated at a rather high [math]\displaystyle{ 0.7 }[/math]. The radius [math]\displaystyle{ R }[/math] of the wheel over which the belt runs is taken to be [math]\displaystyle{ 10 mm }[/math], in practice it will be smaller than this.
[math]\displaystyle{ M_{br} }[/math] is calculated assuming cylindrical roller bearings will be used. For cylindrical roller bearings [math]\displaystyle{ M_{br} }[/math] equals [math]\displaystyle{ F\mu_{w}d/2 }[/math], with [math]\displaystyle{ mu_{w}=0.002 }[/math] the friction coëfficient for cylindrical roller bearings, [math]\displaystyle{ F }[/math] the force on the bearing which is estimated at [math]\displaystyle{ 30 N }[/math], and [math]\displaystyle{ d }[/math] the shaft diameter, which is about [math]\displaystyle{ 4 mm }[/math] for a bearing with a outer diameter of [math]\displaystyle{ 11 mm }[/math].
Geeft als schatting van de ordegrote:
M_r=30*0.002*4/2=0.12Nmm
Aangezien de lagers een straal hebben van nooit meer dan 10mm word de wrijvingskracht in de lagers nooit hoger dan 1 [N]. Voor 2 lagers komt de absoluut maximale kracht dan op 2 [N]. De totale kracht die de motor dan moet kunnen leveren is dan ongeveer gelijk aan 16[N], dit is dan wel de kracht bij stationair toerental.
Rotatie-energie lager:
E=1/2 J_z (φ^2 ) ̇,J_z=1/2 mr^2 geeft samen:E=1/4 mr^2 (φ^2 ) ̇=1/4*0.0017*〖0.01〗^2*300*2*π=8*〖10〗^(-5)
Dat is dus niet heel veel (een lager weegt 0.0017 kg volgens skf).
M_w=3.2*10=32Nmm,M_tot=32+0.12=32Nmm
P=M_T∙Ω=0.032*300=10 W
[math]\displaystyle{
\operatorname{erfc}(x) =
\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}} \int_x^{\infty} e^{-t^2}\,dt =
\frac{e^{-x^2}}{x\sqrt{\pi}}\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n \frac{(2n)!}{n!(2x)^{2n}}
}[/math]
User interface
As the exciting of the strings is done by actuators and motors, there must be a way the player can control what these actuators and motors do. While the player has his left hand busy fretting the strings, his right hand should tell the instrument what strings to play, and how loud te play them at any given time. Below are the most important product requirements that apply to this part of the instrument.
- All the strings can be excited in every combination ore at the same time.
- The amplitude of the note can be varied from the minimum to the maximum during the excitation of the string. The minimum and maximum are set by the bowing pressure and force at which Helmholtz is reached.
- The Viotar must be capable of playing 18 different notes each second on one string.
- The Viotar must be capable of playing 18 different notes on different string separately.
Two main concepts were conceived for this right-hand user interface.
===Turning
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