PRE2023 3 Group2

Group Members

Name	Student ID	Department
Satya Dharmawan	1545892	Electrical Engineering
Petar Rustić	1747924	Applied Physics
Alonso Geeksink Antón	1710508	Computer Science and Engineering
Sander Erbrink	1862146	Industrial Engineering
Gabriël van Dijk	1862081	Industrial Engineering
Antoni Liberak	1719696	Automotive Technology

Problem Statement

The increasing quality of life on a global scale, coupled with the economic conditions in first-world countries where the cost of living per capita is steadily rising, has contributed to a demographic shift characterized by an aging population. Consequently, nations are faced with the imperative of allocating increased resources to elder care, exacerbating an existing shortage of caretakers. Conditions such as loneliness and prevalent health issues, including dementia, accentuate the vulnerability of the aging population, fostering a decline in both mental and physical well-being especially if there is no one to accompany and assist them.

Planning

Week	Task	Name
1	Planning and setting up	Everyone
2	Literature research	Everyone
3	Functional requirements
	First conceptual design
4	Second conceptual design
5	Building prototype
6	Building prototype
7	Testing prototype
	Evaluate results
8	Finish the wiki

Objectives

• Improve the medication adherence of elderly and people who has problems with it.
• Alleviate the loneliness problems in the elderly.

Deliverables

• A fully working prototype of the product designed to assist dementia patients in a variety of ways
• A completed Wiki page functioning as a report on the development of the aforementioned product
• A final presentation showcasing the prototype and any relevant parts of it's construction and the report

USE

User:

• The main user of this technology will be the elderly and patients with early stages of dementia that does not have a caretaker assigned to them nor other people to give them assistance. However, this does not limit to just the elderly, but whoever has a medical condition that does not allow them to adhere to the prescribed medication doses along with no one being able to take care of them doing their day to day tasks.

Society:

• Caretakers:
  • This would potentially reduce the burnout rate from caretakers as they have been reported to be burnt out due to low pay in addition to long hours due to the caretaker shortage.
• Government:
  • The main benefit for them would be that they could allocate less resources or subsidies to train/hire more caretakers and potentially increase more spending on healthcare providers as the elderly, especially those with dementia has a lower medication adherence. Thus the likelihood of coming back and using healthcare services would be higher.
• Healthcare services:
  • As mentioned previously, due to potentially having lower intake from the elderly, the burden on the healthcare services would be lower.

Enterprise:

• Given the current socioeconomic state globally, the trend of aging population will continue to increase unless large changes to the economic and social policies are made. Thus, this can be seen as a growing market.
• There will be a lot of business opportunities with AI chatbot companies as they will be the ones advancing the algorithm for the interaction between the robot and the user.

Logbook

Week 1

Name	Hours	Tasks
Alonso Geesink Antón	6	Meeting (1 hr), Deliverables (30 min), Literature search (3 hr), Summarising (1.5 hr)
Satya Dharmawan	9	Meeting(1 hr), Deliverables (30 min), Literature search (3 hr), Summarising (1.5 hr), Brainstorming (3 hr)
Gabriël van Dijk	6	Meeting (1 hr) Deliverables (30 min), Literature search (3 hr) Summarising (1.5 hr)
Sander Erbrink	6	Meeting (1 hr), Deliverables (30 min), Literature search (3 hr), Summarising (1.5 hr)

Week 2

Name	Hours	Tasks
Alonso Geesink Antón	7	Feedback Session (30 min), Meetings (1.5 hr), Researching ChatGPT integration (2 hr), ChatGPT API tutorial and experimenting (4 hr)
Satya Dharmawan	7	Feedback Session (30 min), Meetings (1.5 hr), Researching ChatGPT integration and speech-text and text-speech (2 hr), Researching Android development (4hr)
Gabriël van Dijk	3.5	Feedback Session (30 min), Meetings (1.5 hr), Creating interview guidelines and contacting potential interviewees (1.5 hr)
Antoni Liberak	3.5	Meetings (1.5 hr), Literature search (1 hr), Researching electronic components (1 hr)
Sander Erbrink	3.5	Feedback Session (30 min), meeting (1.5 hr), literature search state of the art (30 min), looking into frontend development of a app (30 min), looking at 3d modeling (30 min)

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2314728818300230

This smart pillbox epitomizes an innovative blend of advanced technologies meticulously crafted to streamline medication management, particularly for seniors. By harmonizing Arduino Nano and ESP8266 NodeMCU modules, the pillbox orchestrates precise dispensing sequences through its intricately designed 3D-printed components. This includes the pill storage cylinder, pill hatch, pill chamber, and pill pipe, each playing a pivotal role in ensuring accurate and controlled medication distribution. Additionally, the integration of a bespoke mobile application extends convenient remote control functionalities, empowering users to effortlessly input medication details, set dose reminders, and monitor the pillbox's operations in real-time.

Users' Perceptions of an in-Home Electronic Medication Dispensing System: A Qualitative Study

The article examines challenges in medication adherence among older adults, particularly due to complex regimens, and the role of medication dispensing technology. It highlights research showing the potential of such technology to improve adherence and health outcomes. However, challenges like cost and lifestyle compatibility persist. The study aims to understand users' perspectives on a specific home-based medication dispensing system for individuals with chronic conditions living at home.

Older Adults’ Opinion on Social Robot as Companion

The article examines older adults' attitudes toward social robots, particularly among those aged 85 and older, who are underrepresented in research. Through questionnaires, demonstrations, and focus group discussions, the study found that acceptance of social robots as companions was influenced by participants' exposure and interaction with the technology, especially among early and middle-of-the-road adopters. The findings highlight the importance of considering older adults' experiences and attitudes when designing and implementing social robots for improving quality of life in aging populations.

Interview

Guideline: introduction Approximatly 2 min

• short introduction interview

• Stating the research purpose: How would an automated pill dispensing system help in elderly care, moreso with early stages of dementia.

• Stating basic informal consent
  • Do i have permission to use this interview
  • Am i allowed to use this interview in our research
  • Do you want to stay anonymous

Interview Approximately 10 minutes

• How much assistance did your patients receive in their daily life?

• How much are robots used in caregiving, should it me more/less?

• To what degree are elderly patients affected by loneliness

• What was the memory like of the average patients, and those with dementia?

• How often do most patients receive medication?

• Is the medication given by caretakers or do the elderly take it themselves?

• What are the biggest challenges you face in ensuring the person takes their medication correctly and on time?

• Would an automated medication system help? E.g. increase how often elderly take their medication or help relief the work of caretakers.

• Are there any additional features or functionalities you would like to see incorporated into the pill dispenser to better meet your needs as a caregiver or the needs of the patients?

Short summary of interview approximatly 1 minute

• Short summary of interview