PRE2020 3 Group 5 Summaries
Week 1 Summaries
Sven:
Paper [1]
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Paper [2]
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Paper [3]
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Paper [4]
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Paper [5]
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Lucas:
Paper [6]
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Early defibrillation is the most important intervention affecting survival from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). To improve public access to early defibrillation, the Italian research project Piacenza Progetto Vita (PPV) formed the first system of out-of-hospital early defibrillation by first-responder volunteers.
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) claims an estimated 350 000 lives per year in the United States, representing a major public health problem. The vast majority of SCA is caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF) (85%), in which early defibrillation is the most important intervention affecting survival. After 10 minutes, very few resuscitation attempts are successful (0% to 2%). The major determinants of survival after witnessed out-of-hospital SCA include bystander initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the rapidity with which defibrillation is accomplished. Unfortunately, most victims do not have immediate access to prompt, effective treatment, and too much time elapses before the defibrillator arrives, if it arrives at all.
The approach focusses almost exclusively on improving defibrillation response times with the use of lay volunteers. The role of traditional CPR in SCA survival has been recently disputed, given both the poor CPR skill performance and retention by people without (much/any) experience with providing medical help. These volunteers all had followed a 4 hour session with theoretical and practical lessons. AEDs were placed at several fixed locations and at a few moving vehicles (e.g. police) and the volunteers were notified whenever an accident occurred in their region.
The outcome of the research is positive and shows much future potential as the use of AEDs by nonmedical volunteers enabled early defibrillation and tripled the survival rate for out-of-hospital SCA.
Paper [7]
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In this study, we report a case series of fatal penetrating head injuries caused by tear gas canisters (TGCs). Here, a retrospective chart review was conducted of all the patients who were admitted to the Neurosurgery Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, since the start of the antigovernment protests (October 2019). All patients who suffered penetrating head trauma caused by TGCs were included in the study.
The tear gas can be delivered by a variety of means, including canisters, grenades, munitions, among others. Importantly, the delivery method plays a pivotal role in its terminal impact. Although intended as nonlethal weapons, there have been numerous incidents where the use and misuse of these agents have resulted in serious injuries and even death
In this study, out of 41 patients with TGC-related head injuries, 10 cases of penetrating head trauma caused by these TGCs were found. All victims were men, with a mean age of 16 years (range, 14–19 years). CT scans revealed an extensive pattern of brain damage. Some also have reported that the long-term health effects of tear gases include posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and chronic respiratory disease.
The conclusion from this study is that TGCs have the potential to cause lethal penetrating head injuries, calling for a reevaluation of their safety and methods of use in terms of human health. strict international guidelines are required before the use of these weapons can be condoned again.
Paper [8]
Summary:
Report is dedicated to thermophysical and chemical explanation of the ways of increasing the fireextinguishing process of solid combustible materials. As a result of research such indicators are obtained as speed of extinguishing, with help of fast-hardening foam. Fireextinguishing mechanisms of fast-hardening foam are here considered and evidences of their positive features are given.
To extinguish a fire, it is important to (1 ) cool the heated layer of burning SCM (solid combustible materials), (2) protect burning surface from external heating influence of the fire and (3) to the insulate the burning layer from oxygen access. The FHF extinguishes a fire about 7 times faster than the water at a delivery intensity of 12.7 L/min (0.21 L/s). This means that about 1L of FHF is needed to extinguish one square meter of burning layer (it is not very clearly stated in the paper whether this concerns 1 square meter or the whole test object).
The conclusion of the paper is that FHF is absolutely a new mean in the fire-fighting sphere which can lead to revolution in the methods, approaches and tactics of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention. Thanks to its unique features this foam provides extremely high firefighting efficiency as compared to all existing means. Moreover it is impossible to re-ignite object after extinguishing even if impacted on that with flame during more than 30 min. Besides foam is even not destroyed. This advantage gives undeniable opportunities to fire-fighters especially when they have to not only extinguish fire but also have to save people lives.
Paper [9]
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Paper [10]
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Bram:
Paper [11]
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Paper [12]
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Paper [13]
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Paper [14]
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Paper [15]
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Stijn:
Paper [16]
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Paper [17]
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Paper [18]
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Paper [19]
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Paper [20]
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Pepijn:
Paper [21]
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Paper [22]
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Paper [23]
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Paper [24]
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Paper [25]
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References
- ↑ [1] Kardasz, P., & Doskocz, J. (2016). Drones and Possibilities of Their Using. Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 6(3), 1–7.
- ↑ [2] Hassanalian, M., & Abdelkefi, A. (2017). Classifications, applications, and design challenges of drones: A review. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 91, 99–131.
- ↑ [3] Rao, B., Gopi, A. G., & Maione, R. (2016). The societal impact of commercial drones. Technology in Society, 45, 83–90.
- ↑ [4] Zhang, J., Hu, J., Lian, J., Fan, Z., Ouyang, X., & Ye, W. (2016). Seeing the forest from drones: Testing the potential of lightweight drones as a tool for long-term forest monitoring. Biological Conservation, 198, 60–69.
- ↑ [5] Balasingam, M. (2017). Drones in medicine-The rise of the machines. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 71(9), e12989.
- ↑ [6] Capucci, A., Aschieri, D., Piepoli, M. F., Bardy, G. H., Iconomu, E., & Arvedi, M. (2002). Tripling Survival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest Via Early Defibrillation Without Traditional Education in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Circulation, 106(9), 1065–1070.
- ↑ [7] Hoz, S. S., Aljuboori, Z. S., Dolachee, A. A., Al-Sharshahi, Z. F., Alrawi, M. A., & Al-Smaysim, A. M. (2020). Fatal Penetrating Head Injuries Caused by Projectile Tear Gas Canisters. World Neurosurgery, 138, e119–e123.
- ↑ [8] Kuprin, D. S. (2017). Physical–chemical explanation of fire-fighting efficiency of FHF (fast-hardening foam) based on structured silica particles. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 81(1), 36–41.
- ↑ [9] Schlag, C. (2013). The New Privacy Battle: How the Expanding Use of Drones Continues to Erode Our Concept of Privacy and Privacy Rights. Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy, 13(2), 1–23.
- ↑ [10] Hashemi, S. R., Esmaeeli, R., Aliniagerdroudbari, H., Alhadri, M., Alshammari, H., Mahajan, A., & Farhad, S. (2019). New Intelligent Battery Management System for Drones. Volume 6: Energy, 1–7.
- ↑ [11] Aydin, B. (2019). Public acceptance of drones: Knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Technology in Society, 59, 101180.
- ↑ [12] Sherstjuk, V., Zharikova, M., & Sokol, I. (2018). Forest Fire-Fighting Monitoring System Based on UAV Team and Remote Sensing. 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO), 663–668.
- ↑ [13] Merkert, R., & Bushell, J. (2020). Managing the drone revolution: A systematic literature review into the current use of airborne drones and future strategic directions for their effective control. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, 101929.
- ↑ [14] Rosser, J. C., Vignesh, V., Terwilliger, B. A., & Parker, B. C. (2018). Surgical and Medical Applications of Drones: A Comprehensive Review. JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, 22(3), e2018.00018.
- ↑ [15] EUCHI, J. (2020). Do drones have a realistic place in a pandemic fight for delivering medical supplies in healthcare systems problems? Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 1–9.
- ↑ [16] Floreano, D., & Wood, R. J. (2015). Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones. Nature, 521(7553), 460–466.
- ↑ [17] Khan, M. N. H., & Neustaedter, C. (2019). An Exploratory Study of the Use of Drones for Assisting Firefighters During Emergency Situations. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–14.
- ↑ [18] Restas, A. (2015). Drone Applications for Supporting Disaster Management. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 03(03), 316–321.
- ↑ [19] Liu, Z., Kim, A. K., & Carpenter, D. (2007). A study of portable water mist fire extinguishers used for extinguishment of multiple fire types. Fire Safety Journal, 42(1), 25–42.
- ↑ [20] Aydin, B., Selvi, E., Tao, J., & Starek, M. J. (2019). Use of Fire-Extinguishing Balls for a Conceptual System of Drone-Assisted Wildfire Fighting. Drones, 3(1), 17–32.
- ↑ [21] Moore, J. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 2013/0134254. Maryland
- ↑ [22] W, G.Y. & K, K.W. (2019). U.S. Patent No. 10,413,763. Korea
- ↑ [23] Anania, E. C., Rice, S., Pierce, M., Winter, S. R., Capps, J., Walters, N. W., & Milner, M. N. (2019). Public support for police drone missions depends on political affiliation and neighborhood demographics. Technology in Society, 57, 95–103.
- ↑ [24] Feeney, Matthew, Surveillance Takes Wing: Privacy in the Age of Police Drones (December 13, 2016). Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 807, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2919439
- ↑ [25] Manjikian, M. & Army War College (U.S.). (2017). A Typology of Arguments about Drone Ethics. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.