PRE2020 3 Group5

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Emergency Drone

Group Members

Name Student ID Department Email address
Pepijn Hundepool 1427520 Mechanical Engineering p.c.j.hundepool@student.tue.nl
Lucas Commissaris 1451065 Mechanical Engineering l.f.h.commissaris@student.tue.nl
Sven Passier 1448781 Mechanical Engineering s.w.l.passier@student.tue.nl
Bram van den Buijs 1464647 Applied Physics b.v.d.buijs@student.tue.nl
Stijn Borgers 1495968 Applied Physics s.borgers@student.tue.nl

Problem statement and objectives

The popularity and usage of compact unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), better known as drones, has been increasing radically over the past few years [1]. For only a rather small amount of money, you can already get yourself a drone with some basic abilities. Besides the consumer usage (e.g. hobbyists), a majority of about 70% of the drone market represented by military purposes, while commercial users form the remaining sector. This latter group contains for instance drones with purposes for 3D mapping, delivery, inspections, data transmissions, and video collection. Although this group represents the least percentage of sales of the aforementioned sectors, the revenue value in 2016 was about 60 percent more than the one following from commercial purchases. This phenomenom is mainly caused by the fact that price tags of about $100,000 are no exception in such industries.

A sector that does not really match the term 'comercially' as it regards the type of institution, but does regarding the production price tag are drones used by governmental bodies. In specific it concerns departments that are of key-importance in emergeny situations, with the three most central ones being respectively the police, firefighting and medical (ambulance) departments. In these departments, try-outs and permanent involvements of drones become more and more part of the job [2]. However, since these drones often include high-advanced technologies, their production costs can rise to serious heights. A proper police drone for example lies in the purchasing range from $50,00 to $200,000 [3].

This project aims to develop a new type of drone, which will be able to carry out tasks for more than one of these departments. Roughly sketched, this will result in a drone with a range of standard functions, on which a specific variation of equipment can be (de)attached. This multifunctional drone will have multiple benefits over the development of drones that are specified per department. The most important one, as already indicated in the foregoing, will be the cost-effectiveness. This would for example be benefitial for regions that might lack budget to invest in innovative technologies such as drones, but still strive to develop the implementation of high-tech equipment.


[1] https://www.toptal.com/finance/market-research-analysts/drone-market

[2] https://www.politie.nl/nieuws/2020/november/16/00-nieuwe-drones-voor-politietaken.html

[3] https://www.meritalk.com/articles/government-saves-time-money-with-drones/

Introduction

Sven: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Lucas: [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

Bram: [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]

Stijn: [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]

Pepijn: [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]


User, Society and Enterprise

Users

The primary users of the emergency drones are the civil servants that work in the fire, police and medical department. To be more specific: within the fire department the drone will be used to assist in extinguishing fires and as a fire-reconnaissance tool, within the police department it will be used for surveillance and as a criminal-reconnaissance tool and finally within the medical department the drone will be used for the transport of goods between hospitals and between hospital and civilian who makes the emergency call.

The secondary users are all civilians. Civilians could be trapped inside a burning building, they could be under surveillance, they could be in a hospital with the need for a certain essential good like blood or they could be in need of an AED to revive someone. In all these cases, civilians are on the receiving end of a emergency drone.

Questionnaire

Here we will put our findings of the questionnaire with some graphs

Society

Here we describe the stakeholders, concerns of the public, responsibilities

Enterprise

ye

Planning milestones

In the figure below a planning of the project can be seen.

The planning for the project.

Workload

Here an overview is given of what everyone has done per week.

Week 1

Name Student ID Hours worked Tasks done
Pepijn Hundepool 1427520 9 Intro videos + conference (1h), First meeting (1.5h), Meeting to choose subject's direction (1.5h), Studied and wrote summaries for papers (5h): [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]
Lucas Commissaris 1451065 10 Intro videos + conference (1h), First meeting (1.5h), Meeting to choose subject's direction (1.5h), Studied and wrote summaries for papers (6h): [6], [7], [8], [9], [10].
Sven Passier 1448781 Intro videos + conference (1h), First meeting (1.5h), Meeting to choose subject's direction (1.5h), Studied and wrote summaries for papers: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5].
Bram van den Buijs 1464647 Intro videos + conference (1h), First meeting (1.5h), Meeting to choose subject's direction (1.5h), Studied and wrote summaries for papers: [11], [12], [13], [14], [15].
Stijn Borgers 1495968 9 Intro videos + conference (1h), First meeting (1.5h), Meeting to choose subject's direction (1.5h), Studied and wrote summaries for papers (5h): [16], [17], [18], [19], [20].

Week 2

Name Student ID Hours worked Tasks done
Pepijn Hundepool 1427520 8,5 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), Meeting with the group for setting up user needs (3h), Coming up with questions (2h), Another meeting with the group for setting up survey (3h)
Lucas Commissaris 1451065 8,5 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), Meeting with the group for setting up user needs (3h), Coming up with questions (2h), Another meeting with the group for setting up survey (3h)
Sven Passier 1448781 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), Meeting with the group for setting up user needs (3h), Another meeting with the group for setting up survey (3h)
Bram van den Buijs 1464647 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), Meeting with the group for setting up user needs (3h), Another meeting with the group for setting up survey (3h)
Stijn Borgers 1495968 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), Meeting with the group for setting up user needs (3h), Another meeting with the group for setting up survey (3h)

Week 3

Name Student ID Hours worked Tasks done
Pepijn Hundepool 1427520 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), Setup technical specifications of a firefighting drone (1.5h), Group meeting (3h)
Lucas Commissaris 1451065 9 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), Looking for contact information of the respective departments (2h), finishing up survey and sending it (3,5h), Group meeting (3h)
Sven Passier 1448781 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), Setup technical specifications of a police drone (...h), Group meeting (3h)
Bram van den Buijs 1464647 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), Setup technical specifications of a medical drone (...h), Group meeting (3h)
Stijn Borgers 1495968 Tutor feedback meeting (0,5h), finishing up survey and sending it (...h), Group meeting (3h)

Week 4

Name Student ID Hours worked Tasks done
Pepijn Hundepool 1427520
Lucas Commissaris 1451065
Sven Passier 1448781
Bram van den Buijs 1464647
Stijn Borgers 1495968

Week 5

Name Student ID Hours worked Tasks done
Pepijn Hundepool 1427520
Lucas Commissaris 1451065
Sven Passier 1448781
Bram van den Buijs 1464647
Stijn Borgers 1495968

Week 6

Name Student ID Hours worked Tasks done
Pepijn Hundepool 1427520
Lucas Commissaris 1451065
Sven Passier 1448781
Bram van den Buijs 1464647
Stijn Borgers 1495968

Week 7

Name Student ID Hours worked Tasks done
Pepijn Hundepool 1427520
Lucas Commissaris 1451065
Sven Passier 1448781
Bram van den Buijs 1464647
Stijn Borgers 1495968

Week 8

Name Student ID Hours worked Tasks done
Pepijn Hundepool 1427520
Lucas Commissaris 1451065
Sven Passier 1448781
Bram van den Buijs 1464647
Stijn Borgers 1495968

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 [1] Kardasz, P., & Doskocz, J. (2016). Drones and Possibilities of Their Using. Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 6(3), 1–7.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 [2] Hassanalian, M., & Abdelkefi, A. (2017). Classifications, applications, and design challenges of drones: A review. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 91, 99–131.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 [3] Rao, B., Gopi, A. G., & Maione, R. (2016). The societal impact of commercial drones. Technology in Society, 45, 83–90.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 [4] Zhang, J., Hu, J., Lian, J., Fan, Z., Ouyang, X., & Ye, W. (2016). Seeing the forest from drones: Testing the potential of lightweight drones as a tool for long-term forest monitoring. Biological Conservation, 198, 60–69.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 [5] Balasingam, M. (2017). Drones in medicine-The rise of the machines. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 71(9), e12989.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 [6] Capucci, A., Aschieri, D., Piepoli, M. F., Bardy, G. H., Iconomu, E., & Arvedi, M. (2002). Tripling Survival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest Via Early Defibrillation Without Traditional Education in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Circulation, 106(9), 1065–1070.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 [7] Hoz, S. S., Aljuboori, Z. S., Dolachee, A. A., Al-Sharshahi, Z. F., Alrawi, M. A., & Al-Smaysim, A. M. (2020). Fatal Penetrating Head Injuries Caused by Projectile Tear Gas Canisters. World Neurosurgery, 138, e119–e123.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 [8] Kuprin, D. S. (2017). Physical–chemical explanation of fire-fighting efficiency of FHF (fast-hardening foam) based on structured silica particles. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 81(1), 36–41.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 [9] Schlag, C. (2013). The New Privacy Battle: How the Expanding Use of Drones Continues to Erode Our Concept of Privacy and Privacy Rights. Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy, 13(2), 1–23.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 [10] Hashemi, S. R., Esmaeeli, R., Aliniagerdroudbari, H., Alhadri, M., Alshammari, H., Mahajan, A., & Farhad, S. (2019). New Intelligent Battery Management System for Drones. Volume 6: Energy, 1–7.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 [11] Aydin, B. (2019). Public acceptance of drones: Knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Technology in Society, 59, 101180.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 [12] Sherstjuk, V., Zharikova, M., & Sokol, I. (2018). Forest Fire-Fighting Monitoring System Based on UAV Team and Remote Sensing. 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO), 663–668.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 [13] Merkert, R., & Bushell, J. (2020). Managing the drone revolution: A systematic literature review into the current use of airborne drones and future strategic directions for their effective control. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, 101929.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 [14] Rosser, J. C., Vignesh, V., Terwilliger, B. A., & Parker, B. C. (2018). Surgical and Medical Applications of Drones: A Comprehensive Review. JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, 22(3), e2018.00018.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 [15] EUCHI, J. (2020). Do drones have a realistic place in a pandemic fight for delivering medical supplies in healthcare systems problems? Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 1–9.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 [16] Floreano, D., & Wood, R. J. (2015). Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones. Nature, 521(7553), 460–466.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 [17] Khan, M. N. H., & Neustaedter, C. (2019). An Exploratory Study of the Use of Drones for Assisting Firefighters During Emergency Situations. Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–14.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 [18] Restas, A. (2015). Drone Applications for Supporting Disaster Management. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 03(03), 316–321.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 [19] Liu, Z., Kim, A. K., & Carpenter, D. (2007). A study of portable water mist fire extinguishers used for extinguishment of multiple fire types. Fire Safety Journal, 42(1), 25–42.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 [20] Aydin, B., Selvi, E., Tao, J., & Starek, M. J. (2019). Use of Fire-Extinguishing Balls for a Conceptual System of Drone-Assisted Wildfire Fighting. Drones, 3(1), 17–32.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 [21] Moore, J. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 2013/0134254. Maryland
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 [22] W, G.Y. & K, K.W. (2019). U.S. Patent No. 10,413,763. Korea
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 [23] Anania, E. C., Rice, S., Pierce, M., Winter, S. R., Capps, J., Walters, N. W., & Milner, M. N. (2019). Public support for police drone missions depends on political affiliation and neighborhood demographics. Technology in Society, 57, 95–103.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 [24] Feeney, Matthew, Surveillance Takes Wing: Privacy in the Age of Police Drones (December 13, 2016). Cato Institute Policy Analysis No. 807, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2919439
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 [25] Manjikian, M. & Army War College (U.S.). (2017). A Typology of Arguments about Drone Ethics. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
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