Group2 19-1 Week2

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Notulen Tutor Meeting

  • Bekijken of de Rover wel het ideale voertuig is voor een missie op Europa
  • Starten vanuit objectives en vanuit daar de missie ontwerpen
  • Specifiek zijn/kiezen wat het echte doel van het onderzoek wordt
  • Beschrijven bij welke requirements aan welke wensen van welke gebruikers voldaan wordt
  • Overwegingen over resilience van onderdelen van het voertuig
  • Waar in het systeem de interactie met de gebruikers plaatsvindt
  • Planning maken, milestones
  • Criteria opstellen voor de kwaliteit van de milestones en deliverables
  • Opdeling van het project reviseren
  • Kans op succes vergroten bij onzekerheid
  • Waar lander/rond rijden? Daar het voertuig op aanpassen
  • Waar zoeken naar leven? Welke experimenten daar uitvoeren? Wat voor equipment daarvoor nodig?
  • Zorgen dat onze individuele stukken in elkaar passen en een mooi geheel vormen
  • Meer gebruikmaken van de mogelijkheden die de wiki biedt

Presentatie: 20 minuten; 5 minuten vragen, mogelijk 5 minuten iets laten zien

Week 2 Logbook

Requirements:

The requirements are based off of what the vehicle will encounter on its journey to and on Europa. The global actions are listed under 'The Goal'. Under 'steps' all challenges that come with these global actions are outlined in more detail.

The goal:

Search for life, signs of life, or conditions that would allow for life on Europa It is unlikely that a fly-by mission can find out all there is to know about Europa

  • 1 Hence, a lander mission is required
  • 2 Furthermore, it should be able to survive on Europa
  • 3 This lander should tell us more about Europa itself and the possibility for it to harbor life

Steps:

  • 0.1 Not cost too much —› Can, in the end, costs be decreased?
  • 1.1 Leave Earth —› The tools necessary to leave Earth’s orbit
    • 1.1.1 Liftoff capacity —› Maximum weight for the mission
    • 1.1.2 Liftoff fuel —› Fuel necessary to carry weight off Earth
  • 1.2 Traverse space to Europa —› Fuel necessary to make the journey to Europa
  • 1.3 Land on Europa —› Fuel necessary to make a safe landing on Europa
    • 1.3.1 Brake systems —› Fuel necessary to move around on Europa’s surface
  • 2.1 keep contact with the command centre —› Long-range communication
  • 2.2 Survive Europan surface, t.w. —› How do we keep the lander working on Europa?
    • 2.2.1 Iono- & Magnetosphere (electromotor?) —› Is Europa’s magnetosphere of influence?

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/97JE03556

    • 2.2.2 Low gravity —› How do we cope with low gravity?

Calculations of non-uniform gravity https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1okc05/what_would_happen_if_i_started_my_car_in_zero/ (This one was mainly to get a general idea of things to consider about zero gravity. Please note that this is about 0 gravity, rather than low gravity.)

    • 2.2.3 Low atmospheric pressure —› Is Europa’s atmospheric pressure of influence?

Oxygen densities of around 10^-10 that of earth (~1.801*10^23 cm^-2)(see also calculation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometric_formula) 3D-Plasma source-sink model: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/97JE03556 Spectrometry model: https://www-nature-com.dianus.libr.tue.nl/articles/373677a0.pdf Monte Carlo model: http://people.virginia.edu/~rej/papers05/shema_sdarticle.pdf

    • 2.2.4 Low temperatures —› How do we cope with the low temperatures?

86-132 K http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.962.8753&rep=rep1&type=pdf

      • 2.2.4.1 Brittleness materials —› How do we cope with materials getting brittle?
      • 2.2.4.2 Freezing of fluids —› How do we prevent internal fluids from freezing?
    • 2.2.5 Possibly rough or slippery surface —› How do we provide enough traction on the surface?
    • 2.2.6 Withstand tectonic activity —› How do we protect the lander against tectonics?
  • 2.3 operate partially autonomously —› What should the lander do on its own?
  • 2.4 operate for preferably several years, Either: —› How to maximize the longevity of the lander’s life?
    • 2.4.1 carry enough energy —› Bigger batteries/fuel capacities?
    • 2.4.2 Produce energy there (sulfuric compounds/ sun/ magnetic field??) —› Harvest fuel on-site?
  • 3.1 Examine Europan surface —› How will we perform research on the surface?
    • 3.1.1 Move around —› How will we move from one spot to another?
    • 3.1.2 Take pictures (cameras) —› The tools to create pictures on-site
    • 3.1.3 Chemical analysis —› The tools to analyze materials on-site
    • 3.1.4 Orientation on the surface (no accelerometer; maybe gyroscope?)
  • 3.2 Examine Europan core? —› Will we dig below the surface to perform research?
    • 3.2.1 Dig and sail under water —› How do we get/move below the surface?
    • 3.2.2 Take pictures —› As 3.1.2
    • 3.2.3 Chemical analysis —› As 3.1.3
    • 3.2.4 Stay in contact with outside world (maybe not possible at depth) —› Communication necessary at depth?
  • 3.3 Look for signs of life —› Determine whether life or traces of it is present
    • 3.3.1 Find microbes (microscope) —› Possibly using microscope for small evidences
    • 3.3.2 Chemical analysis —› As 3.1.3 and 3.2.3
  • 4.1 While we’re there —› Future research or side-research?
  • 4.2 Research towards other moons/Jupiter —› New information about Jupiter and its moons?
  1. 0.1 Not cost too much —› Can, in the end, costs be decreased?
  1. 1.1 Leave Earth —› The tools necessary to leave Earth’s orbit
    1. 1.1.1 Liftoff capacity —› Maximum weight for the mission
    2. 1.1.2 Liftoff fuel —› Fuel necessary to carry weight off Earth
  2. 1.2 Traverse space to Europa —› Fuel necessary to make the journey to Europa
  3. 1.3 Land on Europa —› Fuel necessary to make a safe landing on Europa
    1. 1.3.1 Brake systems —› Fuel necessary to move around on Europa’s surface
  1. 2.1 keep contact with the command centre —› Long-range communication
  2. 2.2 Survive Europan surface, t.w. —› How do we keep the lander working on Europa?
    1. 2.2.1 Iono- & Magnetosphere (electromotor?) —› Is Europa’s magnetosphere of influence?

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/97JE03556

    1. 2.2.2 Low gravity —› How do we cope with low gravity?

Calculations of non-uniform gravity https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/1okc05/what_would_happen_if_i_started_my_car_in_zero/ (This one was mainly to get a general idea of things to consider about zero gravity. Please note that this is about 0 gravity, rather than low gravity.)

    1. 2.2.3 Low atmospheric pressure —› Is Europa’s atmospheric pressure of influence?

Oxygen densities of around 10^-10 that of earth (~1.801#10^23 cm^-2)(see also calculation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometric_formula) 3D-Plasma source-sink model: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/97JE03556 Spectrometry model: https://www-nature-com.dianus.libr.tue.nl/articles/373677a0.pdf Monte Carlo model: http://people.virginia.edu/~rej/papers05/shema_sdarticle.pdf

    1. 2.2.4 Low temperatures —› How do we cope with the low temperatures?

86-132 K http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.962.8753&rep=rep1&type=pdf

      1. 2.2.4.1 Brittleness materials —› How do we cope with materials getting brittle?
      2. 2.2.4.2 Freezing of fluids —› How do we prevent internal fluids from freezing?
    2. 2.2.5 Possibly rough or slippery surface —› How do we provide enough traction on the surface?
    3. 2.2.6 Withstand tectonic activity —› How do we protect the lander against tectonics?
  2. 2.3 operate partially autonomously —› What should the lander do on its own?
  3. 2.4 operate for preferably several years, Either: —› How to maximize the longevity of the lander’s life?
    1. 2.4.1 carry enough energy —› Bigger batteries/fuel capacities?
    2. 2.4.2 Produce energy there (sulfuric compounds/ sun/ magnetic field??) —› Harvest fuel on-site?
  1. 3.1 Examine Europan surface —› How will we perform research on the surface?
    1. 3.1.1 Move around —› How will we move from one spot to another?
    2. 3.1.2 Take pictures (cameras) —› The tools to create pictures on-site
    3. 3.1.3 Chemical analysis —› The tools to analyze materials on-site
    4. 3.1.4 Orientation on the surface (no accelerometer; maybe gyroscope?)
  2. 3.2 Examine Europan core? —› Will we dig below the surface to perform research?
    1. 3.2.1 Dig and sail under water —› How do we get/move below the surface?
    2. 3.2.2 Take pictures —› As 3.1.2
    3. 3.2.3 Chemical analysis —› As 3.1.3
    4. 3.2.4 Stay in contact with outside world (maybe not possible at depth) —› Communication necessary at depth?
  3. 3.3 Look for signs of life —› Determine whether life or traces of it is present
    1. 3.3.1 Find microbes (microscope) —› Possibly using microscope for small evidences
    2. 3.3.2 Chemical analysis —› As 3.1.3 and 3.2.3
  1. 4.1 While we’re there —› Future research or side-research?
  2. 4.2 Research towards other moons/Jupiter —› New information about Jupiter and its moons?


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