PRE2019 3 Group12

Group Members

Name	ID	Major	Email
Winston Liu	1237841	Biomedical Engineering	w.w.liu@student.tue.nl
Jelle Donders	1258273	Medical Sciences and Technology	j.donders@student.tue.nl
Boris Krischel	1244947	Biomedical Engineering	b.krischel@student.tue.nl
Roy Schepers	0996153	Mechanical Engineering	r.j.m.schepers@student.tue.nl
Horea Breazu	1229343	Computer Science	h.breazu@student.tue.nl

Subject

Our subject for the project is going to be a system which uses a camera-based recognition software to, for example, find empty workplaces in various areas . These include areas like empty workspaces at Metaforum during examweeks for studying, empty places in a library for silentness or empty desks at flexible workspaces at a company.

Objectives

• Library or other flexible workplaces

The system should be able to tell the user whether there is an empty space (or more) in the area and if so, it should also be able to tell the user where this place is located. Additionally, it can also tell whether a person has left the workplace earlier than the end of the reserved time so that the workplace can be set to "available" sooner.

• Room reservation

It should be able to detect whether there are people in the room and if there is no one in the room within certain time window, it should set the room to available for reservation.

Users

The users we plan to target with our project include multiple groups of people, since it can be applied in various environments. Possible users include students, employees making use of flexible work spaces or library visitors. Each of these users can benefit from the technology in two situations. The first is in larger study or working halls, comparable to Metaforum, for checking if there are available places. The second is in smaller study rooms, comparable to booking rooms in Atlas for cancelling reservations if the student doesn't show up or leaves earlier.

Approach

The system is based on the reflection of sound waves emitted by a sound source. The reflected sound will be different based on whether a person is sitting on the chair or not. The distance the sound has to travel is shorter if there is a person (taller than the chair) sitting on the chair. Advantages: It does not capture any visual data which people might feel their privacy violated by. It can have quite a lot of range for one sensor, since it measures the differences between signals over time and always have something to compare.

Disadvantages: Other objects can deteriorate the signal if they’re close to the chair or person, making the measuring of the sound waves less accurate. It can only detect if there is someone in the chair, it cannot tell if the person leaves stuff on the desk indicating he or she is coming back or not.

State-of-the-art

Current State of Art The current state of the art library for AI and machine learning is OpenCv. OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library) is an open source computer vision and machine learning software library. OpenCV was built to provide a common infrastructure for computer vision applications and to accelerate the use of machine perception in the commercial products. Being a BSD-licensed product, OpenCV makes it easy for businesses to utilize and modify the code.

The library has more than 2500 optimized algorithms, which includes a comprehensive set of both classic and state-of-the-art computer vision and machine learning algorithms. These algorithms can be used to detect and recognize faces, identify objects, classify human actions in videos, track camera movements, track moving objects, extract 3D models of objects, produce 3D point clouds from stereo cameras, stitch images together to produce a high resolution image of an entire scene, find similar images from an image database, remove red eyes from images taken using flash, follow eye movements, recognize scenery and establish markers to overlay it with augmented reality, etc. OpenCV has more than 47 thousand people of user community and estimated number of downloads exceeding 18 million. The library is used extensively in companies, research groups and by governmental bodies.

From those the current state of the heart in terms of object detections is an algorithm called Cascade Mask R-CNN. A multi-stage object detection architecture, the Cascade R-CNN, is proposed to address these problems. It consists of a sequence of detectors trained with increasing IoU thresholds, to be sequentially more selective against close false positives. Comparing it to the last year state of art algorithm , Cascade Mask R-CNN has an overall 15% increase in performance, and a 25% performance increase regarding the state of art of 2016.

This method/apporach can be found in the following papers:

They use a convolutional Neural Network to detect land use from satellite images with an accuracy of around 98,6%. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7447728

Summary:

Hybrid Task Cascade for Instance Segmentation http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_CVPR_2019/papers/Chen_Hybrid_Task_Cascade_for_Instance_Segmentation_CVPR_2019_paper.pdf

Summary:

CBNet: A Novel Composite Backbone Network Architecture for Object Detection https://arxiv.org/pdf/1909.03625v1.pdf

Summary:

Cascade R-CNN: High Quality Object Detection And Instance Segmentation https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.09756.pdf

Summary:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09500341003693011 A paper which describes the workings, differences and origin of multiple InfraRed cameras and techniques

Real-time image-based parking occupancy detection using deep learning http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2087/paper5.pdf

Real-time Detection of Seat Occupancy and Hogging (Similar project) https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4118&context=sis_research

Planning

Gantt chart

Gantt chart