PRE2020 3 Group3

Robots in Horeca

Group Members

Name	Student ID	Department	Email address
Marvin Thüne	student id	Applied physics	m.p.thune@student.tue.nl
Isidoros Kotinis	student id	Applied physics	i.n.k.kotinis@student.tue.nl
Lotte van Megen	1453092	Psychology and Techonology	l.m.v.megen@student.tue.nl

Problem statements

To analyze and plan the introduction of service robotics in horeca. We now have three options, after more research and interviews with the stakeholders, we will decide what will be the best route and which project has the most potential.

1. Design a specific situation where robots make it possible to open up Horeca that is hygienic enough to be able to open up during a pandemic. Robots will minimize the customer-staff proximity in the horeca.

2. Look at existing server robots in restaurants and try to improve their customer friendliness by improving their interaction with people and modifying their appearance. Mostly look at server robots, not the ones in the kitchen. Analyze which properties the robots should have.

3. Design a robot that helps people with a disability (or people that are forced to isolate due to medical reasons) to do work in a restaurant by letting them remotely controlling robots that walk around in the restaurant. People who have trouble finding work because they have to stay at home or can’t do much physical work can still find work in this way. This will also make sure the robots can be perceived friendlier by the customers because a real human being is talking to them instead of a computer. The restaurant has robots that walk around and serve the food, the person who is controlling the robot remotely can either be integrated into the robot or be a simulation on each table. These simulation robots then work together with the serving robots.

Objectives

1. Describe a complete situation that would allow most Horeca establishments to open with the help of robots. Simulate this situation to check if the situation will work in real life. Also give the functions and properties the robot should have.

2. Conduct a research about the appearance and behavior a robot should have to come off as friendly as possible. The main part of the research will be about the interaction between the robot and the customers. In the end, recommendations will be given on what the most important parts are for a robot to be perceived as friendly. We are going to look into what the most plausible way of interaction is for the customer; screen interface, face to face interaction etc?

3. Describe a situation where it is possible for people to remotely control the robots in a restaurant. Also design the interface of this robot and how everything should work. We will not only work on the robot itself but also make sure that it interacts well with its environment and that the whole restaurant works well.

USE Analysis: Users/Society/Enterprise

• Restaurant owners: Can use these robots in their establishments and allow them to open up the places again, even during corona times.
• Customers: will receive a better and or different dining experience. They can also get to chance to dine out again, even during the pandemic.
• People with certain disabilities and people who have to isolate: they now have an opportunity to work and keep busy. They get a chance to participate in society, even if it is remotely.
• Horeca workers like chefs: will be able to work again and earn some money.

Needs and requirements

• Guests: the need to eat together en in a friendly and safe (COVID-proof) environment
• Employers: can give new people a chance to work in their restaurant. Can let some of their employees work again, even during corona times. They want to open their restaurants again and be able to earn some more money.
• Other restaurant employees: They can finally work again in corona times. Some of their work can be done by robots so now they can focus on other tasks.
• Customers Managing: Some of their work gets taken out of their hands so they have more time to focus on the customers.

State-of-the-art

For this research, we were looking for different types of robots that already exist and work in the horeca. When looking for robots we discovered that they could be categorized into roughly two types. Firstly the server tray robots, these robots have a purely functional form, the interaction with humans demands a lot of action from the user. The second type looks more humanoid, these robots interact more with the users and look and act more like humans. We did some research on different types of robots and the way they work. They are stated below.

Server tray robots

LG CLOi ServeBot

Type/purpose Serves drinks and small snacks Moving vending machine Very limited personal interaction with the customer

Pros Large storage -> does not need to be refilled/pickup orders often Quite robust Relatively large wheelbase compared to the height

Cons Needs big open space e.g. casinos, events, convention A limited selection of products A large amount of customer effort required

Coronavirus application Limits interaction between cashiers and customers. But bigger conventions are probably not realistic during a pandemic. Thus partly defeating the advantage of using this type of serving robot as a precautionary measure to limit the exposure of staff and customers.

Application after pandemic ends Convenient for some customers that happen to be thirsty or a bit hungry when they spot the bot moving about. Basically, a moving vending machine and might for this reason be economically viable.

LG CLOi ServBot

Type/purpose Moving serving tray Brings orders from the kitchen to customers at the table

Pros Limit exposure of staff to customers Customers can sit at the table and not wait in line with other customers Some personal interaction with customer possible through the screen/speakers Food is ready to be consumed right away

Cons Needs flat unobstructed space to operate Some customer effort required -> standing up and taking food from tray Food is exposed -> losing heat Potentially limiting the number of orders this type of robot can deliver in a single go without food getting cold Food on plates limits the acceleration/deceleration potential before food might be displaced

Coronavirus application Useful to limit customer and staff interaction at a fastfood/large open restaurants. If combined with an app customers could go straight to the table to limit their exposure to other people.

Application after pandemic ends Reduces the amount of staff needed at a big-open/fastfood restaurant. Therefore potentially economically viable.

Starship

Type/purpose Food delivery robot Brings orders from a kitchen to customers at a specific location. (Table/home/park etc.)

Pros Limit exposure of staff to customers Customers can sit at table and not wait in line with other customers Or stay at home/in the park etc Food is insulated -> food stays warm for longer Allowing for larger travel distances Robust -> does not tip over easily Low center of mass Large wheelbase compared to height High speed potential

Cons Needs flat unobstructed space to operate Some customer effort required Standing up and taking food from inventory Food in bag so not ready to eat right away Low to the ground -> hard to spot If operating outside, the environment is far less predictable Potentially inconvenient to other users of the infrastructure

Coronavirus application Useful to limit customer and staff interaction at a fastfood/large open restaurants. If combined with an app customers could go straight to the table to limit their exposure to other people. Even staying at home which would be the ideal during a pandemic.

Application after pandemic ends Reduces the amount of staff needed at a big-open/fastfood restaurant. Therefore potentially economically viable. Could potentially replace the current food delivery system.

Bear

The bear robot belongs to the category of server tray robots. There are two different types, Servi and Mini-Servi. They both have 3 levels with plates which can carry different things like drinks and food. The Servi is meant for restaurants and the Mini-Servi is a better fit in bars and for serving drinks. They are easy to install and multiple robots can be used at once. The robot can be controlled with the attached touchscreen or with an external tablet. There is also the option to look at the analytics to monitor and improve the robot. Both robots weigh 33 kg and can carry 30 kg and their battery works for 8 up to 12 hours. The only big difference between them is the dimensions (https://www.bearrobotics.ai/products/index.html).

Humanoid robots

Dadawan

One restaurant in the Netherlands seems to stand out the most when it comes to applying robots in their restaurant. This restaurant is named Dadawan and they already tested out three different robots. One for welcoming guests and two different types of robots for serving trays. They also did some experiments with the robots to see if they could make their restaurant coronaproof (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4k-R5WMmhs,).

Guest are welcomed by a little robot named Jamie that will take their temperature, if their temperature is normal the people can follow the robots to their seats. They have to order their food online via an app and a bigger robot named Amy will then bring the trays with food to their table. Guests have to take the plates from the tray themselves. Not all the work is done by the robots, they mostly do the logistic work. There are still employees walking around, they can now focus on other work and help the guest with different requests. The last robot is Akatar, this robot helps with cleaning everything up. The employees have to place the trays on the robot and the robot will then take everything to the kitchen. (https://www.hartvannederland.nl/nieuws/bediening-robots-restaurant-maastricht).

Both the people from Dadawan and their guests keep emphasizing that the robots really enhance the experience of eating out. The owner of the restaurant, Danny Deng, keeps emphasizing that the robots are not a replacement of his employees but are there to help them. The robots also help to increase customer friendliness according to him because his normal employees now have more time for the guests. Furthermore, they also help with saving time. The robots come with a standard software package but Danny Deng still has some programmers working for him to optimize the program and to implement the floor plan of the restaurant into the robot. Danny Deng also states he has bigger plans and wants to open a restaurant that is fully operated by robots. (https://www.missethoreca.nl/restaurant/artikel/2020/05/horeca-robotica-robots-moeten-gastvrijheid-dadawan-verhogen-101336132?_ga=2.170190368.1208467789.1613485759-24978766.1613485759)

Approach, milestones and deliverables

Work on the interface for the interaction between robot and human. Make it possible to control for as many people as possible. Points we could focus on:

- Robot design

• Requirements on design
• Make a simulation
• Make a concept of the design (supported by psychology research)
• Flowchart for robot decision-making?

- Pathfinding

• To minimize interaction

- Table management

• Interface

- With the customer - In the kitchen - (Disabled) Operator

• Serving mechanism

Stakeholders: Dadawan interview

Provisional problem statement: How can you implement server robots in a restaurant in an appropriate way and how can they help with opening horeca during corona times?

We will get in contact with an important stakeholder: Danny Deng, the founder of Dadawan. We will ask them different questions about certain topics like navigation, interaction with people, the ordering system, serving of food, privacy and corona.

The questions will be about different topics, those topics are:

• Navigation
• Interaction between the robot and human
• Ordering system
• Serving of food
• Privacy
• Corona

planning

logbook

References