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== General Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
(Comment: heeft enigzins overlap met problem statement, maar deze moet toch nog worden herschreven, maar hier kan iets meer diepgang in worden verkregen en het probleem relevant/concreet gemaakt worden).
As concluded previously, artificial reforestation by means of multiple smaller robots is the most effective way for a National Park to regrow the plants of its original natural scenery.
Sources voor algemene anekdote + hardmaken van robot idee:
Even though this makes it seem like the plans for the to-be-designed robot are clear cut, a broader analysis should first be made. This analysis should put the to-be-designed product in the broader picture that is the world, and it should investigate the robots influences on it. Beyond this, the robot is also influenced by many factors and groups of people, which also need to be investigated.
* Artificial reforestation is betere dan natural reforestation want er is increased control, higher survivability rate + GMO <ref> https://www.ncforestry.org/teachers/forest-management-basics/ (Retrieved: 30-04-2018) </ref>
In order to keep this analysis compact and effective, it has been narrowed down to the robots interaction with three groups. The National Park, being the main buyer of the product, the companies selling the robot, to be referred to as enterprise, and society as a whole.
* [Booming] business related to reforestation on a lot of different grounds -> from drone to search engine <ref> https://www.greenbiz.com/article/these-14-businesses-are-growing-money-trees (Retrieved 30-04-2018) </ref>
* Potential of reforestation on a global scale <ref> https://globalforestatlas.yale.edu/conservation/forest-restoration-reforestation (Retrieved: 01-05-2018)</ref> and a interactive map for it <ref> www.wri.org/applications/maps/flr-atlas/# (Retrieved: 01-05-2018) </ref>. (Comment: deze map kan wss beter worden geimporteerd als plaatje met ref naar de website als hier een lopend verhaal van wordt gemaakt)


=== Test doorlinken ===
General information regarding the project can be found at [[PRE2017 4 Groep6]]


== USE aspects ==


=== Society ===
This wiki page will explain the above mentioned relations and analyse their effects.
Much influence from the prototype will be noticed by society. Deforestation is an international problem with huge and devastating consequences which includes but not limits to soil erosion, water cycle disruption and greenhouse gas emissions (Cook, 2018)<ref> Cook, M. (2018, April 19). Four consequences of Deforestation. retrieved from Sciencing: https://sciencing.com/four-consequences-deforestation-7622.html</ref>. This results in a loss of biodiversity and will also influence human lives. Greenhouse gas emissions for example contributes to global climate changes. Deforestation thus has great influences on the society in ways that cannot be imagined. When no actions are taken against deforestation, the problems arising are getting bigger and bigger with the years. The society is currently looking for solutions to these problems. The prototype is created to combat deforestation and therefore the consequences of deforestation. If deforestation is reduced, the society will benefit from this since the prototype makes reforestation much easier and cheaper. It is more efficient than current ways of reforestation and is therefore a better solution to decrease the consequences of deforestation.  


=== Users ===
Apart from the society, which will mostly be influenced by our prototype. Users is another group to consider. Users can be divided into three groups: primarily users, secondary users and tertiarily users.  Primary users are those persons who actually use the artifact; secondary users are those who will occasionally use the artifact or those who use it through an intermediary; and tertiary users are persons who will be affected by the use of the artifact or make decisions about its purchase (Abras, Maloney-Krichmar, & Preece, 2004)<ref> Abras, C., Maloney-Krichmar, D., & Preece, J. (2004). User-Centered Design. Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 1-10. </ref>. The primary users of our prototype will be foresters. Foresters are going to use the prototype to combat deforestation and the prototype helps them to plant more seeds in less time compared to planting them with no help of smart technology. Next to the foresters other users will be influenced by the technology as well. Secondary users are companies that are involved in the maintenance and production of the prototype and the government, more details on this can be read in the enterprise and government section. Tertiary users of the prototype are in principle all living residents of the world. The consequences of deforestation will eventually influence everybody and the prototype will decrease these consequences and thus each living individual will benefit from the prototype. 


=== Enterprise ===
General information regarding the project can be found at [[PRE2017 4 Groep6]].
Enterprise would benefit from these robots since there are no major negative consequences for utilizing the robot. The robot is not labour intensive and can operate autonomous. Besides the actual affect the robot can have on reforestation and restoring devastated areas.  Other solution might be more expensive, and might not be cost-effective compared to the fines they can face when not replanting the devastated areas.  


It is also a major factor for the company image. It is almost free advertising, since being green is rising in popularity for the consumers. Logging companies, for example, can create a green image while still being able to perform their operations in a sustainable way. Other solution might be more expensive, and might not be cost-effective compared to the fines they can face when not replanting the devastated areas.
== USE aspects ==


Companies that are not active in the logging or agriculture sector can set up these kinds of programs to boost their image.
=== Society ===
Deforestation due to fires is an international problem with huge and devastating consequences which includes but not limits to soil erosion, water cycle disruption and greenhouse gas emissions (Cook, 2018)<ref> Cook, M. (2018, April 19). Four consequences of Deforestation. retrieved from Sciencing: https://sciencing.com/four-consequences-deforestation-7622.html</ref>. This results in a loss of biodiversity and will also influence human lives. Greenhouse gas emissions for example contributes to global climate changes. As national parks span a significant part of natural forest worldwide (NPS, 2017) <ref> NPS (2017), national reports retrieved from: https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/Reports/National </ref> a reduction in their area by forest fires would result in these consequences happening in and around the National Park. When no actions are taken against deforestation, the problems arising are getting bigger and bigger over the years. Society is currently looking for solutions to these problems (Greenpeace 2018) <ref> Greenpeace (2018) Solutions to deforestation retrieved from: https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/solutions-to-deforestation/ </ref> but no clear cut solution, with no drawbacks, has been found yet. The development of the to-be-designed robot offers new perspectives on how to handle reforestation efficiently, getting society closer to a solution to solve the problem of deforestation. Even though the to-be-designed robot has the potential to be received enthusiastically by people, there are also a lot of expectations enforced on the robot by society. These expectations range from not being made by slave-children to not polluting the air while planting new trees and far beyond these. The first one is a tad extreme, but it does show that in developing  a new technology, attention has to be paid to what society considers ‘normal’. A better example might be that during the production of the robot waste materials should be recycled, as this is a standard within society at present day. Many of those expectations from society apply to the production of the robot, and not to its design specifically. Regardless, it is wise to keep society’s heavy bias and influence in mind when designing new technology.  


=== Government ===
=== The National Parks ===
The government is obliged to protect their citizens, so investing in these robots and utilizing them is beneficial for them since they help alleviate a problem future generations will come in contact with. It is a solution that will help the sustainability for future generations. While they might not directly be involved, subsidy can be an incentive for both enterprise as NGOs to deploy these robots in various location and situations.
Probably the most obvious group to be related to the to-be-designed robot is the National Parks. It is them who will eventually buy and use the robots, which should therefore be built to fulfill the parks wishes as completely as possible. Within societal and financial limits, the development of the robot should focus mostly on what the National Parks want from the robot. On the other hand, the robot, once finished completely, will have a big influence on National Parks. As the robot is made to solve one of the National Parks main problems.
 
In order to further study the influence the parks have on the robot, a list of requirements is made, consisting of everything the robot needs to be able to do for it to conform to what the park needs from the final product.
Besides the actual impact the robot can have, it also has the same indirect benefits as enterprise. It is a great image boost for the government. A green campaign will most likely have a positive effect on the opinion of the current ruling party.
=== Enterprise ===
The companies building and selling the robots naturally have a big say in the development of the robot. Usually, the influence between the product and the producing company is one of financial origin. Beyond requiring the product to be designed cheaper rather than more expensive, a company will let a product be designed as long as it is promising
As if yet there are already several businesses involved in the reforestation business. For example BioCarbon Engineering, who uses specialized drones to replant trees in remote areas. This business is a very beneficial one and is growing steadily (Khalamayzer, A. 2018) <ref>Khalamayzer, A. (2018, January 25). These 14 businesses are growing money on trees. Retrieved from: GreenBiz: https://www.greenbiz.com/article/these-14-businesses-are-growing-money-trees</ref>. This shows that the to-be-designed robot is promising indeed, meaning that the companies producing the robot will likely be satisfied.


===User Requirements===
===User Requirements===
====Primary Users====
====The National Parks====
*The technology needs to be easy to use by people who are not tech savvy
*The technology needs to be useable by the National Park staff
*The technology needs to have little to no necessary training
*The technology needs to require little to no necessary training
*The technology needs to be either faster or longer sustainable than current forestation methods
*The technology needs to be fast enough to overwhelm influences by natural reforestation
*The technology needs to be harmless to existing forestation
*The technology needs to be harmless to existing wildlife
====Secondary Users====
====Society====
*The technology needs to be able to rival current technologies in price
*The technology needs to do more environmental good than harm
*The technology needs to be easily maintainable
====Enterprise====
====Tertiary Users====
*The technology needs to make profit
*The technology needs to have a net positive influence on the environment


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
<references/>
<references/>

Latest revision as of 15:13, 20 May 2018

Introduction

As concluded previously, artificial reforestation by means of multiple smaller robots is the most effective way for a National Park to regrow the plants of its original natural scenery. Even though this makes it seem like the plans for the to-be-designed robot are clear cut, a broader analysis should first be made. This analysis should put the to-be-designed product in the broader picture that is the world, and it should investigate the robots influences on it. Beyond this, the robot is also influenced by many factors and groups of people, which also need to be investigated. In order to keep this analysis compact and effective, it has been narrowed down to the robots interaction with three groups. The National Park, being the main buyer of the product, the companies selling the robot, to be referred to as enterprise, and society as a whole.


This wiki page will explain the above mentioned relations and analyse their effects.


General information regarding the project can be found at PRE2017 4 Groep6.

USE aspects

Society

Deforestation due to fires is an international problem with huge and devastating consequences which includes but not limits to soil erosion, water cycle disruption and greenhouse gas emissions (Cook, 2018)[1]. This results in a loss of biodiversity and will also influence human lives. Greenhouse gas emissions for example contributes to global climate changes. As national parks span a significant part of natural forest worldwide (NPS, 2017) [2] a reduction in their area by forest fires would result in these consequences happening in and around the National Park. When no actions are taken against deforestation, the problems arising are getting bigger and bigger over the years. Society is currently looking for solutions to these problems (Greenpeace 2018) [3] but no clear cut solution, with no drawbacks, has been found yet. The development of the to-be-designed robot offers new perspectives on how to handle reforestation efficiently, getting society closer to a solution to solve the problem of deforestation. Even though the to-be-designed robot has the potential to be received enthusiastically by people, there are also a lot of expectations enforced on the robot by society. These expectations range from not being made by slave-children to not polluting the air while planting new trees and far beyond these. The first one is a tad extreme, but it does show that in developing a new technology, attention has to be paid to what society considers ‘normal’. A better example might be that during the production of the robot waste materials should be recycled, as this is a standard within society at present day. Many of those expectations from society apply to the production of the robot, and not to its design specifically. Regardless, it is wise to keep society’s heavy bias and influence in mind when designing new technology.

The National Parks

Probably the most obvious group to be related to the to-be-designed robot is the National Parks. It is them who will eventually buy and use the robots, which should therefore be built to fulfill the parks wishes as completely as possible. Within societal and financial limits, the development of the robot should focus mostly on what the National Parks want from the robot. On the other hand, the robot, once finished completely, will have a big influence on National Parks. As the robot is made to solve one of the National Parks main problems. In order to further study the influence the parks have on the robot, a list of requirements is made, consisting of everything the robot needs to be able to do for it to conform to what the park needs from the final product.

Enterprise

The companies building and selling the robots naturally have a big say in the development of the robot. Usually, the influence between the product and the producing company is one of financial origin. Beyond requiring the product to be designed cheaper rather than more expensive, a company will let a product be designed as long as it is promising As if yet there are already several businesses involved in the reforestation business. For example BioCarbon Engineering, who uses specialized drones to replant trees in remote areas. This business is a very beneficial one and is growing steadily (Khalamayzer, A. 2018) [4]. This shows that the to-be-designed robot is promising indeed, meaning that the companies producing the robot will likely be satisfied.

User Requirements

The National Parks

  • The technology needs to be useable by the National Park staff
  • The technology needs to require little to no necessary training
  • The technology needs to be fast enough to overwhelm influences by natural reforestation
  • The technology needs to be harmless to existing wildlife

Society

  • The technology needs to do more environmental good than harm

Enterprise

  • The technology needs to make profit

Bibliography

  1. ↑ Cook, M. (2018, April 19). Four consequences of Deforestation. retrieved from Sciencing: https://sciencing.com/four-consequences-deforestation-7622.html
  2. ↑ NPS (2017), national reports retrieved from: https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/Reports/National
  3. ↑ Greenpeace (2018) Solutions to deforestation retrieved from: https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/solutions-to-deforestation/
  4. ↑ Khalamayzer, A. (2018, January 25). These 14 businesses are growing money on trees. Retrieved from: GreenBiz: https://www.greenbiz.com/article/these-14-businesses-are-growing-money-trees
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