PRE2016 4 Groep5

Problem statement

• What are the psychological and ethical connections to the TU Delft ambulance drone?

Objectives

• How does the crowd react to a drone landing from above.
• How can the drone land as fast as possible.
• How can the drone create a landing spot.
• How should the drone behave to not disturb the crowd.
• To what extend can the drone invade other people’s privacy in order to fulfill its objective.

Users

Primary user

• People using the equipment delivered by the drone
• People who have the equipment used on

Secondary user

• Government
• Hospital
• Insurance
• Maintenance

USE

User

For the users, this idea will be easy to implement. All the user has to do is dial the emergency number and after a brief conversation, the drone will be on its way. When it arrives, further instructions can easily be provided (like a regular AED does).

Society

For society, this idea has a lot of impact. When a drone is used to help people survive a heart attack or other urgent healthcare problems, there are a number of issues which need to be dealt with: Privacy. Should the drone be able to access all locations? For example: entering someone’s garden in order to get to the victim. Crowd control. What are the effects on a crowd of people when a drones passes by at high speeds? For example: a drone could cause a lot of panic within a crowd. Parking. How can a parking space be created? How can you get a group of people to make room in an efficient way? These three main issues focus on society’s opinions and behaviour. This needs to be analyzed by investigating completed studies on a variety of subjects regarding society’s view towards robotics used for healthcare.

Enterprise

The main enterprises that will be impacted by this idea are: Insurance companies Hospitals and government Drone manufacturers These enterprises have different interests when it comes to this idea. Whereas the hospitals, government and drone manufacturers might want there to be as many drones like this as possible, the insurance companies might not want this to happen. At the end of the day, the insurance companies main objective is to make profit. Having some expensive drones save lives might be more costly than deploying a “normal” ambulance, which will be more beneficial for the insurance companies.

Approach

• Literature research. Since we intend to add to an already existing product, we have to properly research what the already existing product is capable of doing. When these capabilities are determined, we can further develop the on our objective and the implementation into the already existing product. After this initial orientation stage, we go into the state of the art part of the literature research. This state of the art research focusses on literature connected to our objectives.

• Create a model of how the crowd environment reacts to a drone landing. When we have a majority of the state of the art research, we model the behaviour of the crowd into a model to see what kind of effect the drone has on the overall crowd. This focusses on the influence the drone has on its environment.

• The project is going to be focused on the User and Environment aspects. From those two aspects, the environment is going to play a major role as the crowded environment may act according to a pattern which we can analyze.

Planning

Milestones

• First presentation: 1-05-2017
• Second presentation: ??-06-2017
• Finish defining problem statement: 3-05-2017
• Finish literature study: 22-05-2017
• Finish model: 11-06-2017
• Finish research: 28-05-2017
• Finish Wiki: 18-06-2017

Gantt Diagram

Weekly updates.

Experiment Plan

Code of Conduct for Drones

When dealing with an ambulance on the road, there are certain rules that apply to that situation to make sure the ambulance can get through the traffic as quickly as possible. Examples of this are: moving to the side of the road when an ambulance with sirens on is behind you, waiting for an ambulance to cross an intersection (even if you have the green light and the ambulance does not) and making as much room as possible in the middle of the road when you are in a traffic jam and an ambulance approaches. When it comes to drones, there are no such guidelines. This is most likely the case because drones are such a new technology. However, as drones are being used more and more, there should be a general code of conduct. This means that the drone as well as the people in its surroundings have a clear idea on how to behave.

When it comes to legislation, drones are categorized as model planes. This means the most important rules that apply are the following:

• Only fly during the day
• Make sure the drone can be seen from where you're controlling it
• Never fly above 120 metres
• Know the specifications of your drone
• Never fly above buildings, roads and people
• Never fly in no-fly zones like airports
• Always give way to other air traffic
• Never use a drone for commercial ends
• Respect other people's privacy
• Use your drone responsibly

Even though these rules give an indication of how to use drones in a legal way, it does not say anything about the situation we are trying to investigate. When looking at the rules that apply for an ambulance on the road, the most important tips for other drives were the following:

• When on a roundabout, stay on there until the ambulance has left the roundabout. This gives an easy opportunity for the ambulance to overtake you.
• Leave a lane open, this gives the ambulance a clear path through.
• Keep distance to the driver in front of you, so that you can move out of the way if necessary.
• Leave the emergency lane open.
• Don't exceed the maximum speed.

When looking at these rules, we decided to come up with the following rules for a crowd of people coming across the ambulance drone:

• Make space for the drone by moving to the right. This is essentially the same as the rule ambulances on the road use. If everyone moves to the right, there will be open space in the middle.
• Notify fellow pedestrians that a drone is coming their way. The more people know the drone is approaching, the more people will make room for it.
• When the drone wants to land near the patient, all people around the patient should make room at the patient's feet. This is important, because the drone might not be able to land as smoothly as it would like, mainly because of the fast speeds at which it moves. If the landing fails, the drone will crash onto the patient's legs instead of onto the patient's head.

These 3 simple rules will make it easier for the ambulance drone to find its way to the patient in a quick and efficient way.

Code of Conduct for Experiments

Laws and regulation in the Netherlands

• Hoofdstuk 2, Paragraaf 2. De verwerking van bijzondere persoonsgegevens
  • Artikel 16; De verwerking van persoonsgegevens betreffende iemands godsdienst of levensovertuiging, ras, politieke gezindheid, gezondheid, seksuele leven, alsmede persoonsgegevens betreffende het lidmaatschap van een vakvereniging is verboden behoudens het bepaalde in deze paragraaf. Hetzelfde geldt voor strafrechtelijke persoonsgegevens en persoonsgegevens over onrechtmatig of hinderlijk gedrag in verband met een opgelegd verbod naar aanleiding van dat gedrag.
  • Artikel 23; Het verbod om persoonsgegevens als bedoeld in artikel 16, te verwerken ten behoeve van wetenschappelijk onderzoek of statistiek is niet van toepassing voor zover:
    • het onderzoek een algemeen belang dient,
    • de verwerking voor het betreffende onderzoek of de betreffende statistiek noodzakelijk is,
    • het vragen van uitdrukkelijke toestemming onmogelijk blijkt of een onevenredige inspanning kost en
    • bij de uitvoering is voorzien in zodanige waarborgen dat de persoonlijke levenssfeer van de betrokkene niet onevenredig wordt geschaad.
• Hoofdstuk 5. Informatieverstrekking aan de betrokkene en de meldplicht bij inbreuken op de beveiliging van persoonsgegevens aan het College
  • Artikel 33
    • 1 Indien persoonsgegevens worden verkregen bij de betrokkene, deelt de verantwoordelijke vóór het moment van de verkrijging de betrokkene de informatie mede, bedoeld in het tweede en derde lid, tenzij de betrokkene daarvan reeds op de hoogte is.
    • 2 De verantwoordelijke deelt de betrokkene zijn identiteit en de doeleinden van de verwerking waarvoor de gegevens zijn bestemd, mede.
    • 3 De verantwoordelijke verstrekt nadere informatie voor zover dat gelet op de aard van de gegevens, de omstandigheden waaronder zij worden verkregen of het gebruik dat ervan wordt gemaakt, nodig is om tegenover de betrokkene een behoorlijke en zorgvuldige verwerking te waarborgen.
• Hoofdstuk 6. Rechten van de betrokkene
  • Artikel 35
    • De betrokkene heeft het recht zich vrijelijk en met redelijke tussenpozen tot de verantwoordelijke te wenden met het verzoek hem mede te delen of hem betreffende persoonsgegevens worden verwerkt. De verantwoordelijke deelt de betrokkene schriftelijk binnen vier weken mee of hem betreffende persoonsgegevens worden verwerkt.
    • Indien zodanige gegevens worden verwerkt, bevat de mededeling een volledig overzicht daarvan in begrijpelijke vorm, een omschrijving van het doel of de doeleinden van de verwerking, de categorieën van gegevens waarop de verwerking betrekking heeft en de ontvangers of categorieën van ontvangers, alsmede de beschikbare informatie over de herkomst van de gegevens.
    • Voordat een verantwoordelijke een mededeling doet als bedoeld in het eerste lid, waartegen een derde naar verwachting bedenkingen zal hebben, stelt hij die derde in de gelegenheid zijn zienswijze naar voren te brengen indien de mededeling gegevens bevat die hem betreffen, tenzij dit onmogelijk blijkt of een onevenredige inspanning kost.
    • Desgevraagd doet de verantwoordelijke mededelingen omtrent de logica die ten grondslag ligt aan de geautomatiseerde verwerking van hem betreffende gegevens.

Meeting notes

Week 1

Presentation feedback:

• Sounds: Where does it come from (specific sound)
• Etiquetes of behaviour: how people should react (not yet established for drone ambulances)
• Catching a drone instead of landing it
• What is the need: What is the current availability of AED's
• When should the drone create noise (if any)
• What will we add to the existing product of TU Delft
• Where did TU Delft reasearch stop

Week 2

After the presentation, what is the definitive direction of our project?

Most studies about crowd movement focuss on an non-interruptive environment where fluid dynamics can be used in order to model the behaviour. We want to focuss more on the human aspects, which are unpridictable agents.

We make a map of available AEDs in Eindhoven and when they are still available for use to illustrate the problem. What is the survival chance?

• Experiment:
  • Rules and Regulation: (Nikolay & Patrick)
    • Privacy
    • Criminality
    • Safety (weather)
    • Liability (assuming it is autonomous
  • Experiment plan (Rense & Wessel
    • Code of Cunduct (of the tu/e)
    • Reasoning (+Hypothesys)
    • Experiment Setup

Update Wiki (finilaze problem statement etc.):

• Thom

Next meeting: 8-5, 11:15, MF15

References

Code of conduct: https://www.drones.nl/wetgeving http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0019147/2015-11-07 https://www.anwb.nl/verkeer/veiligheid/wat-te-doen-in-verkeer-bij-sirene-en-zwaailicht